Rhythm
As you know, spoken English words with two or more syllables have different stress and length patterns. Some syllables are stressed more than others and some syllables are pronounced longer than others.
The same is true of phrases and sentences. Different words in a sentence have stronger stress and are pronounced longer and other words are weaker and shorter. This pattern of strong and weak stress and short and long pronunciation gives English its rhythm.
It is important for non-native speakers to understand and master the rhythm of English. If the wrong words are stressed in a sentence or if all words are pronounced with the same length or loudness, the speech will be difficult to understand.
Words that have the most stress in English are called content words. Content words are usually the nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and pronouns (demonstrative, possessive, reflexive, and interrogative). These words are important to express the main meaning of the sentence.
Nouns: Terry, car, dinner
Verbs: eat, study, drive
Adjectives: blue, large, oval
Adverbs: quietly, smoothly, equally
Pronouns: that, theirs, himself, what
Function words are those words that are weaker and shorter. They include auxiliary verbs, prepositions, conjunctions, determiners, and possessive adjectives. These words are less important in expressing the meaning of the sentence.
Auxiliary verbs: may, do, have (if not the main verb)
Prepositions: under, around, near
Conjunctions: but, not,
Determiners: the, some, each
Possessive adjectives: my, your, our
When are you coming to dinner?
I have never liked the color red.
Motorcycles can be dangerous to drive or ride on.
Last month Carol got a new job in San Francisco.
Not everyone likes chocolate ice cream, but I do. chocolate
Christmas is my absolute favorite holiday.
Stress Timing
Some languages are syllable timed and others are stressed timed. In syllable timed languages, the syllables are the same length and the number of syllables determines the length of time required to say something.
English is a stressed time language. In a stressed time language, speakers try to make the amount of time to say something the same between the stressed syllables. If there are three or four unstressed syllable between the stressed syllables, the unstressed syllables will be spoken faster, so that the speaker can keep the rhythm. Also, in order to keep the rhythm, if there are no unstressed syllable between stressed syllables, the stressed syllables are stretched out to space them equally. The time it takes to say something in English depends on the number of stressed syllables, not the number of syllables.
The following group of numbers each have 4 stressed syllables, but the actual syllables in each group is different. (actual syllables)
a. one two three four 4
b. five six seven eight 5
c. nine ten eleven twelve 6
d. thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen 8
e. seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty 9
To practice getting the beat and rhythm of English try counting from one to twenty. Tap with your finger on a table as you count the numbers. Keep the tapping evenly spaced. The beginning of each number should occur on the tap.
Look and listen to the three sentences below. They all have the same number of stressed syllables, but a different number of unstressed syllables.
Practice the beat and rhythm again try tapping with your finger on a table while saying the sentences. The stressed syllables should be said on the tap. All three sentences have four stressed syllables and should take about the same amount of time to say.
Bob ate some corn.
4 syllables
Kenny has swam to France and back.
8 syllables
The Americans are buying some souvenirs and posters.
15 syllables
For more practice try saying the sentences below. In the first sentence the taps should come on the second word (bought) and the fourth word (book) and should be about a second apart. Continue with this beat and add each new phrase to the sentence.
She bought the book
She bought the book for his birthday
She bought the book for his birthday today
She bought the book for his birthday today she had read
She bought the book for his birthday today she had read long ago in college
She bought the book for his birthday today she had read long ago in college as a freshman
She bought the book for his birthday today she had read long ago in college as a freshman about daffodils
She bought the book for his birthday today she had read long ago in college as a freshman about daffodils and how to grow them
Ritmo
Como ustedes saben, hablado palabras en inglés con dos o más sílabas tienen diferentes patrones de estrés y longitud. Algunas sílabas están estresados más que otras y algunas sílabas se pronuncian más que otros.
Lo mismo puede decirse de frases y oraciones. Diferentes palabras en una oración tienen la tensión más fuerte y se pronuncian más tiempo y otras palabras son más débiles y más corto. Este patrón de estrés fuerte y débil y la pronunciación de corto y largo da Inglés su ritmo.
Es importante que los hablantes no nativos para comprender y dominar el ritmo del Inglés. Si se destacaron las palabras equivocadas en una oración o si todas las palabras se pronuncian con la misma longitud o la sonoridad, el discurso será difícil de entender.
Palabras que tienen el mayor estrés en Inglés se llaman palabras de contenido. Palabras de contenido suelen ser los sustantivos, verbos, adjetivos, adverbios y pronombres demostrativos (, posesivos, reflexivos, e interrogativas). Estas palabras son importantes para expresar el significado principal de la oración.
Nombres: Terry, car, dinner
Verbos: eat, study, drive
Adjetivos: blue, large, oval
Adverbios: quietly, smoothly, equally
Pronombres: that, theirs, himself, what
Palabras de función son esas palabras que son más débiles y más corto. Incluyen los verbos auxiliares, preposiciones, conjunciones, determinantes y adjetivos posesivos. Estas palabras son menos importantes para expresar el significado de la frase.
verbos Auxiliares: may, do, have (if not the main verb)
Preposiciones: under, around, near
Conjunciones: but, not,
Determinantes: the, some, each
Adjetivos Posesivos: my, your, our
Escuche las siguientes oraciones. Tenga en cuenta que las palabras de contenido (en negrita) se acentúan más (se pronuncia más fuerte y más) que las palabras funciones.
When are you coming to dinner?
I have never liked the color red.
Motorcycles can be dangerous to drive or ride on.
Last month Carol got a new job in San Francisco.
Not everyone likes chocolate ice cream, but I do. chocolate
Christmas is my absolute favorite holiday.
Timing Acento
Algunas lenguas son sílaba cronometrada y otros se destacaron cronometrado. En sílabas cronometrado idiomas, las sílabas tienen la misma longitud y el número de sílabas determina la cantidad de tiempo necesario para decir algo.
Inglés es un lenguaje de tiempo estresado. En un lenguaje vez estresado, oradores tratan de hacer que la cantidad de tiempo de decir algo que el mismo entre las sílabas tónicas. Si hay tres o cuatro sílaba no acentuada entre las sílabas acentuadas, las sílabas átonas se hablarán más rápido, por lo que el altavoz puede mantener el ritmo. Además, con el fin de mantener el ritmo, si no hay sílaba átona entre sílabas acentuadas, las sílabas acentuadas se estiran hacia el espacio por igual. El tiempo que se tarda en decir algo en Inglés depende del número de sílabas acentuadas, no el número de sílabas.
El siguiente grupo de números cada uno tiene 4 subrayó sílabas, pero las sílabas reales en cada grupo es diferente.
a. one two three four 4
b. five six seven eight 5
c. nine ten eleven twelve 6
d. thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen 8
e. seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty 9
Para practicar conseguir el ritmo y el ritmo de Inglés intentan contar del uno al veinte. Toque con el dedo sobre una mesa mientras cuenta los números. Mantenga el tapping espaciados uniformemente. El comienzo de cada número debe ocurrir en el grifo.
Observe y escuche a los tres siguientes oraciones. Todos ellos tienen el mismo número de sílabas acentuadas, pero diferente número de sílabas átonas.
Practicar el ritmo y el ritmo de nuevo intente tocar con su dedo sobre una mesa mientras decía las frases. Las sílabas acentuadas hay que decir sobre el grifo. Las tres frases tienen de cuatro subrayó sílabas y deben tener aproximadamente la misma cantidad de tiempo para decir.
Bob ate some corn.
4 syllables
Kenny has swam to France and back.
8 syllables
The Americans are buying some souvenirs and posters.
15 syllables
Para obtener más práctica trate de decir las frases a continuación. En la primera frase de los grifos deben venir en la segunda palabra (comprado) y la cuarta palabra (libro) y deben ser alrededor de un segundo de diferencia. Continúe con este ritmo y añadir cada nueva frase para la sentencia.
She bought the book
She bought the book for his birthday
She bought the book for his birthday today
She bought the book for his birthday today she had read
She bought the book for his birthday today she had read long ago in college
She bought the book for his birthday today she had read long ago in college as a freshman
She bought the book for his birthday today she had read long ago in college as a freshman about daffodils
She bought the book for his birthday today she had read long ago in college as a freshman about daffodils and how to grow them
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